- other topics assigned to cohort
- maybe filling in some blanks
Civil War Summary
- Series of 3 wars between 1642-1651
- Uprise of Puritans & anti-Royalist support in Parliament
- Charles I wasted a lot of money, Absolute Monarch, potentially pro-Catholic, anti-Parliament
- Beheaded for treason - 30 January 1649 - only monarch in UK history to be killed by subjects
- Establishment of Commonwealth of England and Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell
- Lord Protector (offered title "King")
- House of Lords reinstated in 1660
Restoration
- Entire realm at war - estimated casualties (battle & disease)
- England - 190,000/5 million - 3.7%
- Scotland - 60,000/1 million - 6%
- Ireland - 616,000/1.5 million - 41%
- Ireland was Catholic and posed bitter threat - also many Royalists
- Richard Cromwell removed - Parliament "reset"
- "As if nothing had changed since 1642"
- Charles II declared King 14 May 1660 - coronated 23 April 1661
- Oliver Cromwell exhumed, hung and beheaded
- Civil Wars effectively set course for Parliamentary Monarchy
- Theatre reopened - revival of traditional holidays and festivities (Christmas)
- Reestablishment of Church of England as national church
- Stuarts had Catholic sympathies till 1689, Charles II converted to Roman Catholicism on deathbed
- Great Fire of London 1666 - Great Plague
- Impactful on huge urban population boom
- Advances in architecture - St. Paul's Hampton Court, etc.
- Science and exploration - literacy of middle and lower classes - Isaac Newton
- 1663 - published history of all animals in Bible
- Century following Galileo - astronomy, navigation
- Habeas Corpus Act (unlawful imprisonment) - 1679
- Literacy accomplishments - rise of "decorum" and taste/affluence
- Women widely published
- Act of Union - 1701 - Union of England, Scotland and Wales to Great Britain
Ideas
- Rights to pursue pleasure and libertinism (upper class)
- Women onstage
- Empiricism and industrialism take foot
- Rise of slavery, especially in 18th century
18th Century
- Act of Settlement - 1701 after Queen Anne's heir died
- Succession passes to Hanovers to avoid Catholic succession by passing 50 more immediate claimants and ended Stuart line - German
- 1708 - St. Paul's Cathedral finished in London
- 1709 - Copywright Act - to protect ideas and discoveries
- Music and opera - Handel comes to Britain
- Advocacy for education of women
People and Monarchs
- Charles II & Catherine - no legitimate heir - 13 children
- Prince William will be first monarch descendent of Charles II
- James II & Anne - his brother, overthrown because he was Catholic
- William III & Mary II - his daughter and nephew, Anglican
- William of Orange - Glorious/Bloodless Revolution
- Anne & Prince George - her sister
- Major advances in trade
- George I & Sophia - her cousin
- Robert Walpole holds parliamentary seat for 41 years - "prime minister"
- George II & Caroline - his son, not seen as a good monarch
- George III & Charlotte - his son, of American Revolution
- Isaac Newton - mathematician and physicist - 1642-1726
- Christopher Wren - architect, mathematician, physicist, 52 churches in London - 1632-1723
- John Dryden - first poet laureate
- Jonathan Swift - Irish satirist and essayist - "Modest Proposal"
- Samuel Johnson - published "first" dictionary, conversationalist, cat lover
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